Amlodipine

  Amlodipine:-
          It is a channel antagonist of the dihydropyridine group. Iy inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ion into cardiac & decrease blood pressure. It has also coronary effect resulting in decreased frequency & severty of attaks of angina. It has slow onset of action & long duration of action.
Dose:-
     Adult: hypertention: 5mg od,              increase 10mg od          
     Angina: 5-10mg

  

Hormone

Hormone:-

         Hormones are specific chemical substance secreted by endocrine glands and conveyed in the blood to regulate the functions of tissues and organs ekse where in the body. They include insulin, sex hormones like steroids and thyroxine. Hormones are largely used in medicine as substitution therapy eg. Administration of insulin in disease.

      Hormones are secreted by indocrine of ductless glands of the body.
1) pitutary
2) Thyroid
3) Parathyroid
4) pancreas
5) Adrenals
6) Gonads

Calcium

Calcium:

      It is essential for the functioning of cells. More then 90% of calcium in the body is preserved in the skeletal structure. 700mg of calcium is turnover daily of the minerals in bone, as the bone is continuously remodeled.

Sources of calcium:-

      Milk, dairy product.

Daily requirement:-

      Adult: 800mg/day

      Pregnancy and lactation: 1200mg/day

Vitamin E

Vitamin E:-
       It is a fat soluble vitamin. It has anti sterility factor. It is essential for normal cell structure to maintain certain enzymes and for the formation of blood cells. It is found in diffrent substances among of them tocopherol and alpha tocopherol used in clinical practice.

Vitamin K

Vitamin K:-
         Vitamin k (Menadine)
         Vitamin k1( Phytomenafione)
         Vitamin k2 ( Menaoquinone)
                  It is a fat soluble vitamin, so malsbsorption of fat lids to vitamin deficiency. It is essential for formation of substances in liver which promotes blood clotting. It id wedely distributed in foods and it id also synthesized by microorganism in the intestine.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D:-
       Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol)
       Vitamin D3 ( Cholecalciferol)
    It is a pre homone which is converted in the body in to a number of biological active metabolites. It is a family of sterol derivatives. Deficency may develop in those who are deprived of sunlight. Other cause may be liver kidney disorder.

vitamin A

Vitamin A:-
        It is an alcohol of high molecular weight that is stored in the liver.it is necessary for normal function and structure of all epithelial cells and for the synthesis of visual purple in the retinal rods. It is requred for normal vision, cell structure, bone growth and normal growth.